Anyway,
on to today's post!
I think most of us have probably heard some variation of the story of the Sword in the Stone. The story has Arthur heroically withdrawing the sword from its magical entrapment in the stone (as the name implies). Maybe you've read about it, or seen it in one of these shows/movies. However, the original story is...a little different than you might be familiar with.
For
starters, what is the
sword that Arthur pulls from the stone? It is frequently assumed to
be and portrayed as being Excalibur, the great sword that King Arthur
made famous. That assumption is false. There are actually a lot of
swords with magical origins in Arthurian legend. Excalibur is a
sword given to Arthur during his kinghood (kingship? Let's go with
reign) by a Lady of the Lake. (I say a
Lady of the Lake because there are actually several women with that
title that appear in Arthurian legend. I'll talk more about that in
a later post.) Arthur replaces the Sword in the Stone – which, as
far as I know, never had another name - with Excalibur as soon as he
gets it.
The
next major difference between the original legend and modern
portrayals lies in Arthur's claiming of the sword. Arthur is
frequently shown taking the Sword in the Stone as an adult or older
teenager. In fact, he took the sword before he was 10 years old.
Even those stories that get Arthur's age right tend to show Arthur
claiming the sword and the kingship for himself. In fact, Arthur was
considerably more humble than that. Let me tell you the story.
In
last week's post I talked about King Uther, Arthur's father. Arthur
was born of a union between Uther and Igraine – and the boy was
promised to Merlin in exchange for the wizard's...”matchmaking
skills”. As soon as Arthur was born Merlin took him and gave him
to the knight Sir Ector to be raised.
Neither Ector nor Arthur knew
of the child's royal origins.
Not
long after giving up his son, Uther took ill. The king did not
survive for long – only a few years after the birth of his son.
Finally, the end drew near. On his deathbed Uther summoned his
advisers, including Merlin. Under the wizard's prompting, Uther
named his son Arthur his heir and the future king. Uther then died.
Of
course, there were a few problems with this. Firstly, none of the
advisers (save Merlin, of course) knew who Arthur was. The wizard
also faced a dilemma – Arthur was still incredibly young. Were he
to take the throne now, youthful and untrained as he was, Arthur
would risk being used as a puppet king. Merlin needed to figure out
a way to stall for time.
The
death of the king left a serious power vacuum. Many lords were
wealthy and had large armies, and they expected to be crowned king
since no heir was readily apparent. To thwart them, Merlin went to
the Archbishop and asked him to summon every noble to the city on
Christmas. Merlin swore that God would provide some miracle to show
who He would make king.
The
nobles all answered the summons, and come Christmas morning they were
found praying in the church. When they left, a great stone stood in
the middle of the yard. Within the stone was a sword, and an
inscription on the rock read that whoever was able to pull the sword
from the stone was the rightful king.
(Sounds a little bit like Marvel's Thor and Mjolnir, doesn't it?)
Let
me back up and change perspectives for a little bit. Arthur had
grown up and been educated in his foster father's house. (In some
stories, Arthur's education was helped along a bit by some tutoring
from Merlin himself.) Sir Ector and his wife also had a son who was
several years older than Arthur, a boy named Kay. Kay had recently
been made a knight, and his family – including Arthur – were
quite proud of this fact.
When
news of the great tournament to be held reached Sir Ector's house,
Kay immediately wanted to go and compete. His wish was granted, and
the day of the tourney came. Ector and Arthur went with Kay to the
tournament grounds, where Ector went to find a seat while Arthur
helped his foster brother to prepare.
Unfortunately,
Kay had been so excited to compete in his first tournament that he
had left his sword at home! Kay began to panic and sent Arthur to
retrieve his sword and bring it to him before the tournament began.
Arthur
raced home, eager to help his foster brother. To his dismay, he
found the house locked, since everyone was at the tournament to watch
Kay.
Unwilling
to fail his foster brother, Arthur came up with a plan. He had heard
of a sword just sitting in the churchyard, waiting for someone to
claim it. Arthur hurried to the church and easily pulled the sword
from the stone.
He then returned to the tournament and gave it to Kay.
Kay
immediately recognized the sword – and, unlike Arthur, he knew the
story behind it. He called Ector to him; as soon as his father
arrived, Kay said that he had the Sword in the Stone – which made
him the rightful king. And Arthur did not protest!
Ector
was shocked by the news, but he recognized the sword. He took Kay
and Arthur to the church, where he asked Kay how he had come by the
sword. Kay replied that his brother Arthur had brought it to him.
Ector then turned to his foster son and asked how he had found the
sword. Arthur told the story to them casually, not realizing the
significance.
Upon
hearing of how Arthur had pulled the sword from the stone, Ector
asked him to put it back in. Arthur easily slid the sword back into
the rock. Both Ector and Kay tried to remove the sword, but they
could not. Ector then asked Arthur to reclaim the sword, and the boy
did so. Upon seeing this, Ector and Kay bowed down to Arthur as
their rightful king.
Of
course, the lords of the land were not pleased to hear that a boy had
done what no knight or noble could do. Twice they tested his right
to the kingship by having the sword placed back into the rock. All
the knights and lords tried to remove it, and they all failed. Only
Arthur was able to claim the sword.
At
last, after tests and protests, the commoners cried out that they
loved Arthur, and that he was their rightful king. The boy was
crowned, and he became a fair and just ruler, much loved by all.
And
so you have the story of the Sword in the Stone! I find it very
interesting that the sword is not placed in the stone by magic – at
least, not according to Merlin. He claimed that God would show the
rightful king. Are we then to assume that the sword was placed by
divine providence? Or did the wizard work a little magic to help
God's plan along?
What
did you guys think? Did you know this version of Arthur's story, or
was it new to you?
I'll
see you next week with a post about Merlin himself!
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